Marxism-Leninism
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Leon Trotsky’s “Leon Trotsky Presents the Living Thoughts of Karl Marx” provides a dynamic introduction to Marxist thought, emphasizing historical materialism and the labor theory of value. Written in exile, Trotsky combines pedagogical and polemical tones, urging readers to view Marxism as a living method for social transformation rather than a static doctrine.
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Marxist economic theory provides insights into value production and inflation within capitalism. It emphasizes labor’s role in generating value, critiques capitalist exploitation, and interprets inflation as a reflection of class struggle and distributional conflicts. The evolution of capitalism, globalization, and technological change challenge traditional value concepts, prompting ongoing debates within Marxist circles.
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The essay analyzes the rise and fall of the Fourth International, founded by Trotsky in 1938. It argues that post-Trotsky leadership’s sectarianism and bureaucratic methods led to its degeneration. Ted Grant’s faction is highlighted as a true continuation of Trotskyism, advocating for adapting Marxist theory to current conditions and preserving revolutionary integrity.
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The lecture critiques finance as a central pillar of capitalism, extracting value rather than producing. It traces financial capital’s evolution, highlighting Marx, Engels, and Lenin’s analyses of its role in global exploitation and class struggle. To dismantle capitalism, it argues for abolishing finance, rejecting reform, and empowering workers through organized resistance.
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The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) underwent significant ideological evolution under Mao Zedong from 1921 to 1976, adapting Marxism-Leninism to Chinese realities. Key innovations included Mao Zedong Thought, the Mass Line, peasant-centered revolution, and democratic centralism. These concepts shaped the CCP’s strategies, aimed at socialist construction, continuous class struggle, and integrating theory with practice.
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The Fourth International, founded in 1938 by Trotskyists, aimed to unite Marxists for global revolution against Stalin’s Comintern. Despite its revolutionary ambitions, it faltered due to adverse conditions post-World War II, internal divisions, and repression. Its legacy persists today in various Trotskyist groups, still advocating international socialism.



