Socialism
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Palmiro Togliatti, born in 1893 in Italy, co-founded the Italian Communist Party in 1921 and became its leader while in exile after Mussolini’s rise. Returning in 1944, he influenced post-war Italy and promoted a democratic socialism approach. He passed away in 1964, leaving a significant political legacy in Europe.
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Rosa Luxemburg, a prominent Marxist revolutionary, fought for socialism during the turbulent early 20th century. Born in Poland, she became an influential theorist in Germany, opposing capitalism and militarism. Her life was marked by activism, imprisonment, and ultimately assassination in 1919. Luxemburg’s ideas continue to inspire social justice movements today.