Reform or Revolution
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Rosa Luxemburg emphasized the “subjective factor” in Marxist theory, focusing on the working class’s consciousness and initiative as vital for revolutionary change. She opposed fatalistic views of history, arguing that active engagement and preparation of class consciousness are essential. The 1905 Russian Revolution demonstrated the necessity of this proactive approach for meaningful social transformation.
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Rosa Luxemburg challenges the notion that socialists long for a pre-industrial past, asserting instead that socialism emerges from capitalism’s inherent tensions. She emphasizes the importance of embracing technological progress for the benefit of all, advocating for reforms like universal basic income. Luxemburg’s vision for socialism focuses on utilizing capitalism’s advances to create a more equitable…
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Rosa Luxemburg’s interpretation of Marxism emphasizes the labor theory of value as essential to her revolutionary critique of capitalism. She argues that true value comes from labor, positioning workers as creators deserving of rewards. Luxemburg advocates for democratic socialism and highlights the moral imperative to unite against exploitation, enhancing Marx’s ethical vision for human emancipation.
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Rosa Luxemburg’s pamphlet Reform or Revolution (1899) critiques Eduard Bernstein’s revisionism within the SPD, arguing that socialism cannot be achieved through gradual reforms. She emphasizes the necessity of revolution due to capitalism’s inherent contradictions. This work later influenced revolutionary socialism and highlighted Luxemburg’s enduring opposition to reformism and centralism within socialist movements.
Letters from Tomis 