Italy
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Amadeo Bordiga (1889–1970) was a pivotal, contentious figure in international communism, known for founding the Italian Communist Party. His rigorous critiques of reformism, parliamentary democracy, and Stalinism shaped left communism. Despite political marginalization, Bordiga’s theoretical contributions continue to influence contemporary Marxist discourse and debates about revolutionary practice.
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The Italian Communist Party (PCI), established in 1921, evolved from a revolutionary group to a significant democratic socialist force before dissolving in 1991. Key leaders like Gramsci and Berlinguer shaped its ideology, balancing Stalinist influences with democratic reforms. Its dissolution marked a pivotal transition in European politics, reflecting broader historical changes.
Letters from Tomis 