Austria
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Austromarxism emerged in early 20th-century Austria, aiming to merge Marxism with nationalism and democratic principles. Key figures, such as Otto Bauer and Karl Renner, advocated for national autonomy and a gradual transition to socialism through democratic means. Despite significant theoretical contributions and the successful “Red Vienna” reforms, Austromarxism ultimately crumbled under fascism, leaving a complex…
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Victor Adler (1852–1918) was the founder and leader of the Austrian Social Democratic Workers’ Party. Initially a physician, he became involved in politics advocating universal suffrage and labor rights. His pragmatic socialism prioritized legislative reforms over revolutions. Adler’s legacy persisted through his son, Friedrich, a notable socialist leader.
Letters from Tomis 